Reflecting Telescopes Under Construction |
Clear |
Telescope Name |
Observatory |
Location |
Date of |
M1 |
Mirror |
Mirror |
Aspect |
Mirror |
Mirror |
Mounting |
Mounting |
Mass |
Aperture |
Area |
Baseline |
Ref. |
Web Address |
Aperture (meters) |
|
|
|
Operation |
F# |
Material |
Type |
Ratio |
Blank By |
Polish By |
Type |
Made By |
metric tons |
equiv. meters |
sq. meters |
Cost |
|
|
6.5 |
Magellan II - Landon Clay |
Las Campanas Observatory |
Cerro Manqui, Chile |
2002 |
1.25 |
E6 |
Honeycomb |
9 |
SOML-UA |
SOML-UA |
Alt-Az |
L&F |
150 |
6.44 |
32.6 |
|
|
http://www.ociw.edu/~johns/magellan.html |
2 x 8.408 |
LBT - Large Binocular Telescope |
Mt. Graham International Observatory |
Mt. Graham, Arizona |
2004 |
1.14 |
E6 |
Honeycomb |
9.4 |
SOML-UA |
SOML-UA |
Alt-Az |
Ansaldo Energia |
530 |
11.82 |
109.7 |
|
|
http://medusa.as.arizona.edu/lbtwww/ |
6 |
LZT - Large Zenith Telescope |
University of British Colombia |
Vancouver, Canada |
2002 |
1.5 |
Mercury |
Liquid |
|
U. Laval |
gravity |
Transit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.astro.ubc.ca/LMT/lzt.html |
4.2 |
SOAR - Southern Observatory for Astrophysical Research |
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |
Cerro Pachon, Chile |
2002 |
1.75 |
ULE |
Meniscus |
42 |
Corning |
Raytheon |
Alt-Az |
Vertex RSI |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.ctio.noao.edu/soar/index.html |
10 hexagonal |
GTC - Gran Telescopio Canarias |
Obs. Roque de los Muchachos |
La Palma, Canary Islands |
2004 |
1.65 |
Zerodur |
Segmented |
|
Schott |
SAGEM |
Alt-Az |
Schwarz-Hautmont |
|
10.36 |
84.2 |
|
|
http://www.gtc.iac.es/ |
7 hexagonal |
TIM - Telescopio Infrarrojo Mexicano |
Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, San Pedro Martir |
San Pedro Martir, Baja California, Mexico |
2005 |
1.5 |
Zerodur |
Segmented |
24 |
Schott |
|
Alt-Az |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.astroscu.unam.mx/ |
9.5 |
SALT - Southern African Large Telescope |
South Africa Astronomical Observatory |
Sutherland, South Africa |
2004 |
1.8 |
Astrosital |
Segmented |
|
LZOS |
Kodak |
Transit |
|
|
9.17 |
66 |
|
|
http://www.salt.ac.za/ |
4 |
LAMOST - Schmidt |
Beijing Astronomical Observatory |
Xinglong, China |
2004 |
5 |
|
Segmented |
|
|
|
Meridian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://lamost.bao.ac.cn/ |
3.9 |
VISTA - Visible Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy |
European Southern Observatory |
Cerro Paranal, Chile |
2005 |
2 |
Astrosital |
Meniscus |
|
LZOS |
|
Alt-Az |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.vista.ac.uk/ |
2.61 |
VLT Survey Telescope |
European Southern Observatory |
Cerro Paranal, Chile |
2002 |
1.8 |
Astrosital |
Meniscus |
|
LZOS |
Zeiss |
Alt-Az |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://vst.na.astro.it/ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Presently Operating Reflecting Telescopes |
Clear |
Telescope Name |
Observatory |
Location |
Date of |
M1 |
Mirror |
Mirror |
Aspect |
Mirror |
Mirror |
Mounting |
Mounting |
Mass |
Aperture |
Area |
Baseline |
Ref. |
Web Address |
Aperture (meters) |
|
|
|
Operation |
F# |
Material |
Type |
Ratio |
Blank By |
Polish By |
Type |
Made By |
metric tons |
equiv. meters |
sq. meters |
Cost |
|
|
10 hexagonal |
Keck I |
W. M. Keck Observatory |
Mauna Kea, Hawaii |
1992 |
1.75 |
Zerodur |
Segmented |
24 |
Schott |
Itek/Tinsley Kodak |
Alt-Az |
Schwartz-Hautmont, TIW |
273 |
10.55 |
87.5 |
|
|
http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu:3636/ |
10 hexagonal |
Keck II |
W. M. Keck Observatory |
Mauna Kea, Hawaii |
1996 |
1.75 |
Zerodur |
Segmented |
24 |
Schott |
Itek/Tinsley Kodak |
Alt-Az |
Coast Steel |
273 |
10.55 |
87.5 |
|
|
http://www2.keck.hawaii.edu:3636/ |
9.5 |
Hobby-Eberle |
McDonald Observatory |
Mt. Fowlkes, Texas |
1997 |
1.8 |
Zerodur |
Segmented |
20 |
Schott |
Kodak |
Transit |
Comsat/MERO |
|
9.17 |
66 |
$14M |
web |
http://www.as.utexas.edu/mcdonald/het/het.html |
8.2 |
Subaru |
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan |
Mauna Kea, Hawaii |
1999 |
1.8 |
ULE |
Meniscus |
41 |
Corning |
Contraves |
Alt-Az |
Mitsubishi |
500 |
8.2 |
52.8 |
|
|
http://www.naoj.org/ |
8 |
VLT UT1 Antu |
European Southern Observatory |
Cerro Paranal, Chile |
1998 |
1.75 |
Zerodur |
Meniscus |
46 |
Schott |
REOSC |
Alt-Az |
Ansaldo Energia |
430 |
8 |
49.2 |
|
|
http://www.eso.org/ |
8 |
VLT UT2 Kueyen |
European Southern Observatory |
Cerro Paranal, Chile |
1999 |
1.75 |
Zerodur |
Meniscus |
46 |
Schott |
REOSC |
Alt-Az |
Ansaldo Energia |
430 |
8 |
49.2 |
|
|
http://www.eso.org/ |
8 |
VLT UT3 Melipal |
European Southern Observatory |
Cerro Paranal, Chile |
2000 |
1.75 |
Zerodur |
Meniscus |
46 |
Schott |
REOSC |
Alt-Az |
Ansaldo Energia |
430 |
8 |
49.2 |
|
|
http://www.eso.org/ |
8 |
VLT UT4 Yepun |
European Southern Observatory |
Cerro Paranal, Chile |
2000 |
1.75 |
Zerodur |
Meniscus |
46 |
Schott |
REOSC |
Alt-Az |
Ansaldo Energia |
430 |
8 |
49.2 |
|
|
http://www.eso.org/ |
8 |
Gemini North |
Mauna Kea Observatories |
Mauna Kea, Hawaii |
1998 |
1.8 |
ULE |
Meniscus |
40 |
Corning |
REOSC |
Alt-Az |
TELAS |
311 |
8.01 |
50.4 |
|
|
http://www.noao.edu/usgp/usgp.html |
8 |
Gemini South |
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |
Cerro Pachon, Chile |
2000 |
1.8 |
ULE |
Meniscus |
40 |
Corning |
REOSC |
Alt-Az |
TELAS |
311 |
8.01 |
50.4 |
|
|
http://www.gemini.edu/ |
6.5 |
MMT Conversion |
Whipple Observatory |
Mt. Hopkins, Arizona |
1999 |
1.25 |
E6 |
Honeycomb |
9 |
SOML-UA |
SOML-UA |
Alt-Az |
TIW/deBartolomeis |
118 |
6.44 |
32.6 |
|
|
http://sculptor.as.arizona.edu/foltz/www/mmt.html |
6.5 |
Magellan I - Walter Baade |
Las Campanas Observatory |
Cerro Manqui, Chile |
2000 |
1.25 |
E6 |
Honeycomb |
9 |
SOML-UA |
SOML-UA |
Alt-Az |
L&F |
150 |
6.44 |
32.6 |
|
|
http://www.ociw.edu/~johns/magellan.html |
6 |
BTA - Bol'shoi Teleskop Azimultal'nyi |
Special Astrophysical Observatory |
Mt. Pastukhova (Caucasus), Russia |
1976 |
4 |
Sitall |
Solid |
6 |
|
LOMO |
Alt-Az |
|
850 |
|
26 |
|
|
http://www.sao.ru/ |
5.08 |
Hale |
Palomar Observatory |
Palomar Mountain, California |
1948 |
3.3 |
Pyrex |
Honeycomb |
|
Corning |
Brown |
horseshoe yoke |
Westinghouse |
482 |
|
|
$6M |
|
http://astro.caltech.edu/observatories/palomar/ |
4.2 |
WHT - William Herschel Telescope |
Obs. Roque de los Muchachos |
La Palma, Canary Islands |
1987 |
2.5 |
Cer-Vit |
Solid |
|
Owens-Illinois |
Grubb-Parsons |
Alt-Az |
Grubb-Parsons |
210 |
|
|
|
|
http://www.ing.iac.es |
4 |
Victor M. Blanco |
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory |
Cerro Tololo, Chile |
1976 |
2.8 |
Cer-Vit |
Solid |
|
Owens-Illinois |
KPNO |
horseshoe |
Western Gear |
310 |
4 |
10.0 |
|
|
http://www.ctio.noao.edu/telescopes/4m/base4m.html |
3.89 |
AAT - Anglo-Australian Telescope |
Anglo-Australian Observatory |
Siding Spring, New South Wales |
1975 |
3.3 |
Cer-Vit |
Solid |
|
Owens-Illinois |
Grubb-Parsons |
horseshoe |
Mitsubishi |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.aao.gov.au/ |
3.81 |
Nicholas U. Mayall |
Kitt Peak National Observatory |
Kitt Peak, Arizona |
1973 |
2.8 |
Fused Quartz |
Solid |
|
General Electric |
KPNO |
horseshoe |
Western Gear |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.noao.edu/kpno/kpno.html |
3.8 |
UKIRT - United Kingdom InfraRed Telescope |
Mauna Kea Observatories |
Mauna Kea, Hawaii |
1978 |
2.5 |
Cer-Vit |
Meniscus |
13.2 |
Owens-Illinois |
Grubb-Parsons |
English yoke |
Hadfields Ltd. |
|
|
|
$5.6M |
Tele. ... 1990s |
http://www.jach.hawaii.edu/JACpublic/UKIRT/home.html |
3.67 |
AEOS 3.7m |
Air Force Maui Optical Station |
Haleakala, Hawaii |
1996 |
|
Zerodur |
Meniscus |
23 |
Schott |
Contraves |
Alt-Az |
Contraves |
|
|
|
|
|
http://ulua.mhpcc.af.mil/ |
3.58 |
CFHT - Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope |
Mauna Kea Observatories |
Mauna Kea, Hawaii |
1979 |
3.8 |
Cer-Vit |
Solid |
|
Owens-Illinois |
DAO |
horseshoe yoke |
SNACRP |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/ |
3.57 |
ESO 3.6m |
European Southern Observatory |
Cerro La Silla, Chile |
1977 |
3 |
Fused Silica |
Solid |
|
|
REOSC |
horseshoe fork |
Creusot-Loire |
200 |
|
|
|
|
http://www.ls.eso.org/lasilla/Telescopes/360cat/html/tel360.html |
3.5 |
NTT - New Technology Telescope |
European Southern Observatory |
Cerro La Silla, Chile |
1989 |
2.2 |
Zerodur |
Meniscus |
14.9 |
Schott |
Zeiss |
Alt-Az |
INNSE |
110 |
|
|
|
|
http://www.ls.eso.org/lasilla/Telescopes/NEWNTT/ |
3.5 |
MPI 3.5m |
German-Spanish Astronomical Center |
Calar Alto, Spain |
1984 |
3.5 |
Zerodur |
Solid |
5.8 |
Schott |
Zeiss |
horseshoe yoke |
VOITH/MAN |
400 |
|
|
DM 55e6 |
Tele. ... 1990s |
http://www.mpia-hd.mpg.de/Public/CAHA/ |
3.5 |
USAF Phillips Lab 3.5m |
Starfire Optical Range |
Albuquerque, New Mexico |
1994 |
1.5 |
E6 |
Honeycomb |
|
SOML-UA |
SOML-UA |
Alt-Az |
Contraves |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.de.afrl.af.mil/pa/factsheets/35meter.html |
3.5 |
WIYN - Wisconsin Indiana Yale NOAO |
Kitt Peak National Observatory |
Kitt Peak, Arizona |
1994 |
1.75 |
E6 |
Honeycomb |
|
SOML-UA |
SOML-UA |
Alt-Az |
L&F |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.noao.edu/wiyn/wiyn.html |
3.5 |
TNG - Telescopio Nazionale Galileo |
Obs. Roque de los Muchachos |
La Palma, Canary Islands |
1997 |
2.2 |
Zerodur |
Meniscus |
14.9 |
Schott |
Zeiss |
Alt-Az |
Ansaldo Energia |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.pd.astro.it/TNG/TNG.html |
3.48 |
ARC |
Apache Point Observatory |
Sacramento Peak, New Mexico |
1994 |
1.75 |
E6 |
Honeycomb |
|
SOML-UA |
SOML-UA |
Alt-Az |
L&F |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.apo.nmsu.edu/ |
3.05 |
Shane 120-inch |
Lick Observatory |
Mt. Hamilton, California |
1959 |
5 |
Pyrex |
Honeycomb |
|
Corning |
Hendrix |
fork equatorial |
Judson Pacific-Murphy |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.irving.org/xplore/lick/contents.html |
3 |
IRTF - Infrared Telescope Facility |
NASA |
Mauna Kea, Hawaii |
1979 |
2.5 |
Cer-Vit |
Solid |
|
Owens-Illinois |
KPNO |
English yoke |
deBartolomeis |
|
|
|
|
|
http://irtf.ifa.hawaii.edu/ |
3 |
LMT |
NASA Orbital Debris Observatory |
Sacramento Peak, New Mexico |
1995 |
1.725 |
Mercury |
Liquid |
|
U. Laval |
gravity |
Transit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.sunspot.noao.edu/Nodo/nodo.html |
2.72 |
Harlan J. Smith 107-inch |
McDonald Observatory |
Mt. Locke, Texas |
1969 |
3.93 |
Fused Silica |
Solid |
8.6 |
Corning |
Davidson |
English yoke |
Westinghouse |
165 |
|
|
|
|
http://www.as.utexas.edu/mcdonald/facilities/2.7m/2.7.html |
2.7 |
LMT |
University of British Colombia |
Vancouver, Canada |
1992 |
1.887 |
Mercury |
Liquid |
|
U. Laval |
gravity |
Transit |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.astro.ubc.ca/LMT/lmt.html |
2.64 |
Shajn |
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory |
Simeis, Ukraine |
1961 |
3.85 |
Sitall |
Solid |
|
|
LOMO |
fork equatorial |
LOMO |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.crao.crimea.ua/craoinfo/stella.html |
2.6 |
2.6m |
Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory |
Mt. Aragatz, Byurakan, Armenia |
1976 |
3.85 |
Sitall |
Solid |
|
|
LOMO |
fork equatorial |
LOMO |
|
|
|
|
|
http://bao.sci.am/ |
2.56 |
NOT - Nordic Optical Telescope |
Obs. Roque de los Muchachos |
La Palma, Canary Islands |
1989 |
2 |
Zerodur |
Meniscus |
13.5 |
Schott |
Tuorla Optical Lab. |
Alt-Az |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.not.iac.es/ |
2.54 |
Irenee duPont |
Las Campanas Observatory |
Las Campanas, Chile |
1976 |
3 |
Fused Silica |
Solid |
6.57 |
Corning |
Loomis |
fork equatorial |
L&F |
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.ociw.edu/lco.html |
2.54 |
Hooker 100-inch |
Mt. Wilson Observatory |
Mt. Wilson, California |
1917 |
5 |
glass |
Solid |
|
St. Gobain |
Ritchey |
English yoke |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.mtwilson.edu/ |
2.5 |
INT - Isaac Newton Telescope |
Obs. Roque de los Muchachos |
La Palma, Canary Islands |
1984 |
3 |
Zerodur |
Solid |
|
Schott |
Grubb-Parsons |
polar-disk equatorial |
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.ing.iac.es |
2.5 |
SDSS - Sloan Digital Sky Survey |
Apache Point Observatory |
Sacramento Peak, New Mexico |
1997 |
2.25 |
E6 |
Honeycomb |
|
Hextek |
OSC-UA |
Alt-Az |
L&F |
22 |
|
|
|
|
http://www.sdss.org/sdss.html |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formerly Operating Reflecting Telescopes |
Clear |
Telescope Name |
Observatory |
Location |
Date of |
M1 |
Mirror |
Mirror |
Aspect |
Mirror |
Mirror |
Mounting |
Mounting |
|
Aperture |
Area |
Baseline |
Ref. |
|
Aperture (meters) |
|
|
|
Operation |
F# |
Material |
Type |
Ratio |
Blank By |
Polish By |
Type |
Made By |
|
equiv. meters |
sq. meters |
Cost |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.5 |
55 |
|
Iraq |
|
|
Zerodur |
Solid |
|
Schott |
Zeiss |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mirrors Retired from Telescopes |
Clear |
Telescope Name |
Observatory |
Location |
Date of |
M1 |
Mirror |
Mirror |
Aspect |
Mirror |
Mirror |
Mounting |
Mounting |
|
Aperture |
Area |
Baseline |
Ref. |
|
Aperture (meters) |
|
|
|
Operation |
F# |
Material |
Type |
Ratio |
Blank By |
Polish By |
Type |
Made By |
|
equiv. meters |
sq. meters |
Cost |
|
|
6 |
BTA - Bol'shoi Teleskop Azimultal'nyi |
Special Astrophysical Observatory |
Mt. Pastukhova, Russia |
1976 |
4 |
borosilicate |
Solid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.sao.ru/ |
2.5 |
INT |
|
|
|
3 |
borosilicate |
Solid |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://ing.iac.es/welcome.html |
6 x 1.8 |
MMT (old) |
Whipple Observatory |
Mt. Hopkins, Arizona |
1979 |
2.7 |
Fused Silica |
Honeycomb |
|
Corning |
OSC-UA |
|
|
|
4.6 |
|
|
|
http://sculptor.as.arizona.edu/foltz/www/mmt.html |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
This list of telescopes compiled by John M. Hill, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, jhill@as.arizona.edu |
version 13 November 2001 |
|
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|
|
BIBLIOGRAPHY |
JRASC (1929) vol 23, p351 |
Sky&Telescope (April 1981) p303 |
Mercury (Sep-Oct 1982) p142 (from Pasachoff) |
King, Henry C. "The History of the Telescope" |
Sky&Telescope (July 1993) vol 86, p 27-32 |
James H. Burge, 1993 Dissertation at UA, "Advanced Techniques for Measuring Primary Mirrors for Astronomical Telescopes" |
many SPIE Proceedings (2871, 2199, 1236, 628, 444, 332) |
Sky&Telescope (August 2000) vol 100, p 43-51 |